Sentence and it’s Types
Defining a Sentence – A Sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense .
The sense is complete only when something is said about something else.
For example-
* These oranges are sweet and juicy.
*Bright moonlight dispelled all my sorrow.
We cannot have a sentence without a subject {explicit or implied} and a verb :
– Dogs bark
(Subject) (Verb)
– Sit down =You sit down . ( The subject is implied.)
(Both subject and verb are explicitly stated)
Notes:-
1. A sentence always begins with a capital letter.
2. If a sentence has to make complete sense,the words in it must be placed in their proper order.
– greatly admire countries our music architecture western and (not a sentence).
– Western countries greatly admire our architecture and music.( Sentence)
3. A sentence ends with a full stop (.) , a mark of interrogation , or a mark of exclamation.
Types of Sentences
Sentences are of fours types:
1. Declarative or Assertive (statements)
2. Interrogative (questions)
3. Imperative (commands)
4. Exclamatory (exclamations)
Declarative (assertive) Sentences-Statments
– A sentence that makes a statement is called a Declarative or Assertive sentence.
For example-
*Self confidence is the key to success.
*A thankful heart is a peaceful heart.
Declarative sentences can be affirmative or negative .
*They abide by the laws of the land. (Affirmative)
*They did not take adequate precautions.(negative).
Note :
There is an emphatic form of declarative sentences also:
*They do abide by the laws of the land.
*They do take adequate precautions.
Interrogative Sentences- Questions
– A sentence that enquires about something is called Interrogative sentences.
For example:-
* What kind of stories do you like?
* Do you like mysteries?
An interrogative sentence ends with a mark of interrogation.
# Interrogative sentences may be of six kinds:-
1. YES/No questions – Questions that can be answered in yes or no. These questions begin with auxiliary verbs like is, am , are, was, were, will, have ,had, do ,did, can, may, should etc .
For example:-
– Did you receive my message in time?
– Will you be able to come?
2. Question-word questions (also called wh questions) – Questions that begin with words like who, which ,when, where, how much , etc:-
For example:-
– When did you buy this car ?
– How much did it cost you?
3. Alternative questions- In alternative questions, there is more than one question joined by or :-
For example:-
– Would you like to have tea or coffee?
– Will you pay the dues by cheque or in cash ?
4. Rhetorical questions – A rhetorical question is a question only in form:, it actually carries the sense of a statement:
For example:-
– Isn’t it hot today? ( It is hot today )
– Didn’t I give you my full support? ( I gave you my …….)
5. Emphatic questions- Emphatic questions are used to express strong feelings like anger , surprise, etc:
For example:-
– Who the hell is he to interfere in my affairs?
– What on earth were you doing there ?
6. Question tags- A question tag is a short question tagged to a statement. It is meant to seek confirmation of what the statement conveys :
For example:-
– You are willing to work for us, aren’t you ?
– She did not inform you , did she ?
Imperative Sentences- commands
– An imperative sentence express a command , request or advice.
For example:-
*Leave the room immediately.(command)
* Open the window , please .(request)
* Be true to your word .(advice)
1.Words like please and kindly are appended to an imperative sentence expressing a request :-
* Please connect me to Mr.Pradhan.
* Kindly keep me informed.
2. In an imperative sentence , the subject is always you, which is usually unexpressed:
* Sit down.( You sit down)
* Ring up your doctor .(you ring up your doctor)
3. An imperative sentence can be affirmative or negative.
*Leave immediately .( Don’t leave immediately)
* Discuss this issue with your friends.
( Don’t discuss this issue with your friends.)
4. Affirmative imperative sentences can be emphatic also:
* Do have something cold.
* You look exhausted. Do take a break.
Exclamatory Sentences – Exclamation and wishes
– Exclamatory sentences express sudden emotions like surprise, delight , pain , grief , anger, disgust, etc . Wishes can also be classified as exclamation.
*Exclamatory sentences end with a mark of exclamation.
*Exclamatory sentences can have the following patterns:
1.What+ (adjective+)noun+other words
* What a witty answer she gave!
* What a fall it was!
2. How+adjective/adverb+other words
*How humane her response was!
*How earnestly she pleaded!
3. O that + clause
* O that I were a bird ! ( I wish that….!)
4.Alas + clause
* Alas, she died so young ! ( It is a pity that…)
5. Would that+clause
*Would that I had never left india ! (I wish that I …)
6.If only + clause
*If only I had a strong financial support! ( All that I wish Is that I …)
7. Short exclamations
*Marvellous!
* Superb!
* Fine!
Note :-
1. What takes a noun ,not an adjective/adverb.
* What a beautiful! ❎
* What a Beauty ! ✅
2. How takes an adjective/ adverb ,not a noun.
*How innocent the baby looks!
*How cleverly did our principal handle the situation!
3. In an Exclamatory sentence , how and what function as intensifiers.
*How kind she is ! (She is very kind )
*What an explanation! ( It is a strange explanation.)
4. Words like very, highly intensify the meaning, so they are intensifiers.
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